基于GNSS的中国大陆地区COSMIC-2 PWV精度分析     

王勇  黄靖  占伟  刘尚钦  杨军 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(11):1101-1104

COSMIC-2可提供连续大气数据源用于改进天气预报,有助于对极端天气进行监测预警。将中国大陆地区按照气候类型划分成5个区域,依托CMONOC站点PWV序列,开展COSMIC-2 PWV在中国大陆地区的精度分析。从站间距离和高程2个角度进行COSMIC-2掩星点与GNSS站点PWV匹配方案设计,分别针对中国大陆地区、不同气候类型和部分代表站点开展COSMIC-2精度评定。研究表明,高原山地、温带大陆、温带季风、亚热带季风和热带季风气候类型的RMSE分别为1.40 mm、1.49 mm、2.68 mm、3.11 mm和3.16 mm;内陆地区精度优于沿海地区。  相似文献   

不同方法提取马氏珠母贝外套膜胶原蛋白理化性质比较     

林海生  王雯  秦小明  曹文红  章超桦  高加龙  郑惠娜  陈忆宾  伍彬 《广东海洋大学学报》2022,(1)

【目的】系统分析不同方法提取的马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)外套膜胶原蛋白的理化性质及生物学功能。【方法】分别采用酸-酶法和热水法从外套膜中提取得到两种胶原蛋白(A-PSC(Pm)和HSC(Pm)),对其氨基酸组成、微观结构及热变性温度等理化特性进行比较分析。【结果】HSC(Pm)提取率高于A-PSC(Pm);HSC(Pm)中,Gly、Glu与Arg相对含量较高,分别为20.16%、17.57%和10.07%;而A-PSC(Pm)中,Glu、Asp与Arg相对含量为19.67%、11.63%和10.07%;紫外光谱和红外光谱分别显示,两种胶原蛋白均在220 nm左右有强吸收峰,且具有典型的胶原蛋白特征带(酰胺A、B、Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ带);扫描电镜结果显示,A-PSC(Pm)呈致密多孔网状结构,HSC(Pm)则基本为薄片状;DSC分析结果表明,HSC(Pm)具有更好的热稳定性。【结论】酸-酶法及热水法提取的胶原蛋白均具有类V型胶原蛋白特性,其结构特征及其理化性质均存在差异,可根据需求选择特定的胶原蛋白提取方法用以开发不同类型的产品。  相似文献   

The Record-breaking Mei-yu in 2020 and Associated Atmospheric Circulation and Tropical SST Anomalies※     

Yihui DING  Yunyun LIU  Zeng-Zhen HU 《大气科学进展》2021,38(12):1980-1993

The record-breaking mei-yu in the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley (YHRV) in 2020 was characterized by an early onset, a delayed retreat, a long duration, a wide meridional rainbelt, abundant precipitation, and frequent heavy rainstorm processes. It is noted that the East Asian monsoon circulation system presented a significant quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) during the mei-yu season of 2020 that was associated with the onset and retreat of mei-yu, a northward shift and stagnation of the rainbelt, and the occurrence and persistence of heavy rainstorm processes. Correspondingly, during the mei-yu season, the monsoon circulation subsystems, including the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), the upper-level East Asian westerly jet, and the low-level southwesterly jet, experienced periodic oscillations linked with the QBWO. Most notably, the repeated establishment of a large southerly center, with relatively stable latitude, led to moisture convergence and ascent which was observed to develop repeatedly. This was accompanied by a long-term duration of the mei-yu rainfall in the YHRV and frequent occurrences of rainstorm processes. Moreover, two blocking highs were present in the middle to high latitudes over Eurasia, and a trough along the East Asian coast was also active, which allowed cold air intrusions to move southward through the northwestern and/or northeastern paths. The cold air frequently merged with the warm and moist air from the low latitudes resulting in low-level convergence over the YHRV. The persistent warming in the tropical Indian Ocean is found to be an important external contributor to an EAP/PJ-like teleconnection pattern over East Asia along with an intensified and southerly displaced WPSH, which was observed to be favorable for excessive rainfall over YHRV.  相似文献   

Role of external forcing on the seasonal and interannual variability of mixed layer depth over the Bay of Bengal using reanalysis datasets during 1980–2015     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2021

The monsoon reversal winds in different seasons and high influx of freshwater from various rivers make the Bay of Bengal (BoB) a unique region. Thus, the knowledge of the dynamics of the mixed layer over this region is very important to assess the climatic variation of the Indian subcontinent. A comprehensive study of the role of external forcing on the seasonal and interannual mixed layer depth (MLD) variability over the BoB is carried out for 36 years (1980–2015) using reanalysis products. A weak and strong seasonality of MLD is observed over the northern and the southern BoB (NBoB and SBoB) respectively. The partial correlation suggests that the net heat flux (Qnet) is the major contributor to the deepening of MLD over the NBoB, whereas the wind stress controls the deepening over the SBoB. The seasonal variability reveals the deepening of MLD during summer and winter monsoon and the shallowing during pre- and post-monsoon over the BoB. The relation of the interannual MLD variability and the different phases of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) reveals that the negative phase of IOD is associated with deeper MLD over BoB while the positive phase of IOD depicts shallower MLD. In addition, the opposing characteristic of MLD is highly prominent during October-December. This is majorly contributed by variations related to the second downwelling Kelvin and associated Rossby waves over BoB for the opposing phases of the IOD years.  相似文献   

A study of track deflection associated with the landfall of Tropical Cyclone Sidr (2007) over the Bay of Bengal and Bangladesh     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2021

In this study, the dynamics of track deflection associated with Tropical Cyclone (TC) Sidr (2007) are explored using a numerical weather prediction model. It is found that (a) the simulated track of Sidr is sensitive to flow, orographic, and model vertical structure that change the environmental steering flow leading to the track deflection. In particular, the track of TC Sidr is deflected northwestward for cases with lower domain height, horizontal domain covering only part of Himalaya mountains, and varying mountain heights; (b) the simulated track of TC Sidr, when compared with GFS reanalysis data, is mainly controlled by its deep-layer environmental steering flow as a point vortex; (c) the northwestward deflection with lower domain height is caused by an artificially larger high pressure at lower levels in the vicinity of the Himalayas, due to the upward propagation of wave energy being reflected by the upper domain boundary; (d) the significant northwestward deflection associated with the varying mountain height cases is due to the cyclone vortex being advected by the northeasterly monsoonal flow, which is blocked by the mountains in the corresponding cases with mountains; (e) the northeastward track deflection after the landfall of Sidr is explained by the addition of the frictional force.In summary, the model vertical domain height and the Himalaya mountain representation play key roles in influencing the accuracy of TC Sidr track simulation, compared with other factors, such as the vertical resolution, at least for TC Sidr.  相似文献   

Effects of vertical wind shear and storm motion on tropical cyclone rainfall asymmetries over the North Indian Ocean     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2021

Tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall asymmetry is often influenced by vertical wind shear and storm motion. This study examined the effects of environmental vertical wind shear (200-850 hPa) and storm motion on TC rainfall asymmetry over the North Indian Ocean (NIO): the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and the Arabian Sea (AS). Four TC groups were used in this study: Cyclonic Storm (CS), Severe Cyclonic Storm (SCS), Very Severe Cyclonic Storm (VSCS) and Extreme Severe Cyclonic Storm (ESCS). The Fourier coefficients for wave number-1 was used to analyze the structure of TC rainfall asymmetry. Results show that the maximum TC rainfall asymmetry was predominantly in the downshear left quadrant in the BoB, while it placed to downshear right quadrant in the AS, likely due to the different primary circulation strength of the TC vortex. For the most intense cyclone (ESCS), the maximum TC rainfall asymmetry was in the upshear left quadrant in the BoB, whereas it was downshear right quadrant in the AS. It is evident for both basins that the magnitude of TC rainfall asymmetry declined (increased) with TC intensity (shear strength). This study also examined the collective effects of vertical wind shear and storm motion on TC rainfall asymmetry. Here, the analysis in case of the strong shear environment (>7 m s^-1) omitted for the AS because the maximum value for this basin was about 7 m s^-1. The result showed that the downshear left quadrant was dominant in the BoB for the maximum TC rainfall asymmetry. In a weak shear environment (<5 m s^-1), on the other hand, downshear right quadrant is evident for the maximum TC rainfall asymmetry in the BoB, while it placed dominantly downshear left quadrant in the AS. In the case of motion-relative wavenumber-1, the maximum TC rainfall asymmetry was dominantly downshear for both basins.  相似文献   

复杂地形下C波段雷达定量降水估计算法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李巧  戚友存  朱自伟  杨毅  闵锦忠  师春香  张哲  李东欢  王楠  胡启元 《气象学报》2021,79(4):689-702

C波段雷达定量降水估计（QPE）精度受到很多因素的影响,主要包括:（1）雷达标定,（2）非气象回波的干扰,（3）降水物垂直空间变化,（4）地形或地物的严重遮挡,（5）Z-R关系的代表性,（6）雷达拼图的质量,（7）雷达观测回波衰减等。文中雷达定量降水估计算法基于陕西省C波段天气雷达展开,从雷达探测数据质量控制、地形遮挡、Z-R关系和雷达拼图等方面提高C波段天气雷达定量降水估计的精度,产生降水类型产品和1 h定量降水估计产品,产品空间分辨率为0.01°×0.01°,时间分辨率为6 min。通过对7次降水过程进行评估,结果表明:基于混合仰角反射率因子处理模块和降水类型分类模块进行雷达定量降水估计,得到的结果与地面雨量站观测降水接近,1 h累计降水量的统计评分指标均方根误差稳定在3 mm以下,相对误差稳定在50%左右,相对偏差保持在?30%以内,雷达定量降水估计产品的离散度和绝对偏差都较低,表明该算法得到的雷达定量降水估计稳定可靠。   相似文献   

太行山南段安林地区侵入岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、 地球化学特征及其构造意义     

余智慧  吴园园  王巧玲  王剑锋  陈昊龙  王明明  祝少辉  陈春景  王昊  袁要伟  李玉芹 《地质论评》2022,68(3):877-890

太行山南段安林地区中生代侵入岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年表明侵入岩形成于129. 1±1. 0~129. 7±1. 1 Ma,属于早白垩世,与太行山其他地区乃至整个华北地区侵入杂岩体具有相近的形成年代,表明在晚中生代太行山地区与华北地区经历了相同的地球动力学背景和构造环境,即南太行山地区处于华北克拉通岩石圈减薄范围之内。安林地区中生代侵入岩轻稀土总量（LREE平均为113. 71×10-6）明显高于重稀土总量（HREE平均为11. 97×10-6）,具有相对明显的富集轻稀土元素的右倾型配分形式、Eu的弱正异常及大离子亲石元素相对富集的特征,且具有Sr、Ba含量高、Sr/Y、（La/Yb）N比值高的特征,表明壳幔岩浆混合是太行山南段安林地区中生代岩浆作用的主要成因机制。  相似文献   

赣南北部黄陂河流域离子型稀土矿地区水质与健康风险评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘斯文  黄园英  赵文博  魏吉鑫  徐春丽  马嘉宝  刘久臣  黄采文 《岩矿测试》2022,(3):488-498

水质安全和健康是保障中国赣南老区乡村振兴发展的重要因素。赣南离子型稀土矿长期开发利用,导致浸矿剂和矿体中重金属元素等危害人体健康的物质进入水循环系统,给周边乡村饮用水卫生安全带来了潜在风险。目前,针对当地复垦后稀土矿及周边地区水质和健康风险缺乏系统调查评价,本文以《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)为评价依据,选择赣南北部黄陂河流域典型离子型稀土矿及周边的水体开展调查研究,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱/质谱等技术测定锰、镉等元素含量,采用水质指数(WQI)、危害商(HQ)、致癌风险(CR)评价了锰和铅等9种指标及其健康风险。结果表明：地表水中的异常指标有氨氮(平均值750μg/L)、锰(平均值207μg/L),地下水中的异常指标有氨氮(平均值4533μg/L)、锰(平均值4009μg/L);世界卫生组织(WHO)公布的Ⅰ类致癌物砷在地表水及地下水均未见异常。WQI显示研究区内85.7%的地表水适宜饮用。地表水及地下水中氨氮的HQ平均值<1,对人类健康没有不良影响;地下水中锰的HQ平均值>1,可能会对人类健康产生不良影响。地表水及地下水中致癌元素砷的CR值分布区...  相似文献   

Source constraints for the young basaltic rocks from the northernmost end of Cappadocian region,Turkey: Melting evidence from peridotite and pyroxenite source domains     

Biltan Kürkcüoğlu  M. Tekin Yürür 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2022,82(1):125838

Widespread magmatic activity developed in the Middle Miocene in the Cappadocian Region of Central Anatolia in Turkey. Despite several previous studies that focus on the geochemical features of the magmatic rocks, the source components and development of melting conditions are still a matter of debate.Recent basaltic rocks from Karaburna and Gül?ehir (1228 and 96 Ka, respectively, Dogan, 2011) are considered as a part of the Central Anatolian Volcanic Province, situated at the northernmost end of the Cappadocian Region. These lavas have similar large ion lithophile (LIL) (except Rb) and high field strength (HFS) element abundances, however, Karaburna samples are more enriched in HFS elements, and both of the rocks suites reflect HFS depletions relative to the OIB signature.Karaburna and Gül?ehir basalts have low Nb/La (0.45–0.5; 0.35–0.5), Nb/Th (2.75–4.61; 1.26–2.85) values, respectively, suggesting contributions from crustal sources, whereas Zr/Ba ratios of these samples range between 0.32–0.93 and 0.4–0.88 and imply that these rocks appear to be derived from asthenospheric sources. These incompatible element ratios can be attributed to either different geochemical processes, or are related to melting from different source component(s).The ambient mantle source of the Cappadocian region appears to be consistent with spinel peridotite, but this domain is not solely satisfactory to represent the melting conditions in the light of new elemental data. Values of Tb/Yb(N) and Zn/Fe provide new constraints suggesting the magmas were generated from the asthenosphere. Tb/Yb(N) ratio separates garnet – spinel transition Tb/Yb_(N) (>1.8) and Zn/Fe ratio displays separation between the peridotite-derived (Zn/Fe <12) and pyroxenite-derived (13?20) melts.A melting model based on REE ratios and Zn/Fe, Co/Fe, Tb/Yb(N) values indicates that basaltic rocks were not derived from a single source component (peridotite). Instead, those values suggest substantial melting contributions from a pyroxenite source domain, which has not been discussed as a source component in previous studies. Melts, from both of the source domains, with the result of asthenospheric upwelling linked to the downgoing Aegean and Cyprean slabs, are distinct from the alkaline character frequently observed as the final products of recent volcanic activity in the Cappadocian region and also explains the different trace element variations observed in such a small scale.  相似文献